200 Linux Commands for Newbbies

ที่มา : http://truehacker.blogspot.com/2006/11/200-linux-commands-for-newbbies.html

About 200 Linux commands for serious newbies. To get more examples on how each command is used, use this command:

#>man commandname

Where commandname is an command you pick from the table below. If no manual exist, then that command is most likely unavailable for your Linux distro. Ignore it and proceed with other commands.

alias	Create an alias
awk	Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
break	Exit from a loop
builtin	Run a shell builtin
cal	Display a calendar
case	Conditionally perform a command
cat	Display the contents of a file
cd	Change Directory
cfdisk	Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp	Change group ownership
chmod	Change access permissions
chown	Change file owner and group
chroot	Run a command with a different root directory
cksum	Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear	Clear terminal screen
cmp	Compare two files
comm	Compare two sorted files line by line
command	Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue	Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp	Copy one or more files to another location
cron	Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab	Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit	Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut	Divide a file into several parts
date	Display or change the date & time
dc	Desk Calculator
dd	Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
declare	Declare variables and give them attributes
df	Display free disk space
diff	Display the differences between two files
diff3	Show differences among three files
dir	Briefly list directory contents
dircolors	Colour setup for `ls'
dirname	Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs	Display list of remembered directories
du	Estimate file space usage
echo	Display message on screen
ed	A line-oriented text editor (edlin)
egrep	Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject	Eject CD-ROM
enable	Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env	Display, set, or remove environment variables
eval	Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec	Execute a command
exit	Exit the shell
expand	Convert tabs to spaces
export	Set an environment variable
expr	Evaluate expressions
factor	Print prime factors
fdformat	Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk	Partition table manipulator for Linux
fgrep	Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
find	Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt	Reformat paragraph text
fold	Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for	Expand words, and execute commands
format	Format disks or tapes
free	Display memory usage
fsck	File system consistency check and repair
function	Define Function Macros
gawk	Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts	Parse positional parameters
grep	Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups	Print group names a user is in
gzip	Compress or decompress named file(s)
hash	Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head	Output the first part of file(s)
history	Command History
hostname	Print or set system name
id	Print user and group id's
if	Conditionally perform a command
import	Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
info	Help info
install	Copy files and set attributes
join	Join lines on a common field
kill	Stop a process from running
less	Display output one screen at a time
let	Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln	Make links between files
local	Create variables
locate	Find files
logname	Print current login name
logout	Exit a login shell
look	Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc	Line printer control program
lpr	Off line print
lprint	Print a file
lprintd	Abort a print job
lprintq	List the print queue
lprm	Remove jobs from the print queue
ls	List information about file(s)
m4	Macro processor
man	Help manual
mkdir	Create new folder(s)
mkfifo	Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mknod	Make block or character special files
more	Display output one screen at a time
mount	Mount a file system
mtools	Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv	Move or rename files or directories
nice	Set the priority of a command or job
nl	Number lines and write files
nohup	Run a command immune to hangups
passwd	Modify a user password
paste	Merge lines of files
pathchk	Check file name portability
ping	Test a network connection
popd	Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr	Prepare files for printing
printcap	Printer capability database
printenv	Print environment variables
printf	Format and print data
ps	Process status
pushd	Save and then change the current directory
pwd	Print Working Directory
quota	Display disk usage and limits
quotachec	k Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl	Set disk quotas
ram	ram disk device
rcp	Copy files between two machines.
read	read a line from standard input
readonly	Mark variables/functions as readonly
remsync	Synchronize remote files via email
return	Exit a shell function
rm	Remove files
rmdir	Remove folder(s)
rpm	Remote Package Manager
rsync	Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)
screen	Terminal window manager
sdiff	Merge two files interactively
sed	Stream Editor
select	Accept keyboard input
seq	Print numeric sequences
set	Manipulate shell variables and functions
shift	Shift positional parameters
shopt	Shell Options
shutdown	Shutdown or restart linux
sleep	Delay for a specified time
sort	Sort text files
source	Run commands from a file `.'
split	Split a file into fixed-size pieces
su	Substitute user identity
sum	Print a checksum for a file
symlink	Make a new name for a file
sync	Synchronize data on disk with memory
tac	Concatenate and write files in reverse
tail	Output the last part of files
tar	Tape ARchiver
tee	Redirect output to multiple files
test	Evaluate a conditional expression
time	Measure Program running time
times	User and system times
touch	Change file timestamps
top	List processes running on the system
tracerout	e Trace Route to Host
trap	Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr	Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
tsort	Topological sort
tty	Print filename of terminal on stdin
type	Describe a command
ulimit	Limit user resources
umask	Users file creation mask
umount	Unmount a device
unalias	Remove an alias
uname	Print system information
unexpand	Convert spaces to tabs
uniq	Uniquify files
units	Convert units from one scale to another
unset	Remove variable or function names
unshar	Unpack shell archive scripts
until	Execute commands (until error)
useradd	Create new user account
usermod	Modify user account
users	List users currently logged in
uuencode	Encode a binary file
uudecode	Decode a file created by uuencode
v	Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir	Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi	Text Editor
watch	Execute/display a program periodically
wc	Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis	Report all known instances of a command
which	Locate a program file in the user's path.
while	Execute commands
who	Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami	Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
xargs	Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes	Print a string until interrupted
.period	Run commands from a file
###	Comment / Remark