Monday, August 29, 2011

HTML: Special Characters

ที่มา : http://www.utexas.edu/learn/html/spchar.html

PunctuationHTML Entity
(case sensitive)
ISO Latin-1 codename or meaning
en dash
em dash
¡¡¡inverted exclamation
¿¿¿inverted question mark
"""quotation mark
left double curly quote
right double curly quote
' 'apostrophe (single quote)
left single curly quote
right single curly quote
«
»
«
»
«
»
guillemets (used as quotation marks in some languages, e.g., French)

(Its there, but you can't see it!)
non-breaking space
Symbols
&&&ampersand
¢¢¢cent
©©©copyright
÷÷÷divide
>>>greater than
<<<less than
µµµmicron
···middle dot
pilcrow (paragraph sign)
±±±plus/minus
Euro
£££British Pound Sterling
®®®registered
§§§section
trademark
¥¥¥Japanese Yen
Diacritics
á
Á
á
Á
á
Á
lower-case "a" with acute accent
upper-case "A" with acute accent
à
À
à
À
à
À
lower-case "a" with grave accent
upper-case "A" with grave accent
â
Â
â
Â
â
Â
lower-case "a" with circumflex
upper-case "A" with circumflex
å
Å
å
Å
å
Å
lower-case "a" with ring
upper-case "A" with ring
ã
Ã
ã
Ã
ã
Ã
lower-case "a" with tilde
upper-case "A" with tilde
ä
Ä
ä
Ä
ä
Ä
lower-case "a" with diaeresis/umlaut
upper-case "A" with diaeresis/umlaut
æ
Æ
æ
Æ
æ
Æ
lower-case "ae" ligature
upper-case "AE" ligature
ç
Ç
ç
Ç
ç
Ç
lower-case "c" with cedilla
upper-case "C" with cedilla
é
É
é
É
é
É
lower-case "e" with acute accent
upper-case "E" with acute accent
è
È
è
È
è
È
lower-case "e" with grave accent
upper-case "E" with grave accent
ê
Ê
ê
Ê
ê
Ê
lower-case "e" with circumflex
upper-case "E" with circumflex
ë
Ë
ë
Ë
ë
Ë
lower-case "e" with diaeresis/umlaut
upper-case "E" with diaeresis/umlaut
í
Í
í
Í
í
Í
lower-case "i" with acute accent
upper-case "I" with acute accent
ì
Ì
ì
Ì
ì
Ì
lower-case "i" with grave accent
upper-case "I" with grave accent
î
Î
î
Î
î
Î
lower-case "i" with circumflex
upper-case "I" with circumflex
ï
Ï
ï
Ï
ï
Ï
lower-case "i" with diaeresis/umlaut
upper-case "I" with diaeresis/umlaut
ñ
Ñ
ñ
Ñ
ñ
Ñ
lower-case "n" with tilde
upper-case "N" with tilde
ó
Ó
ó
Ó
ó
Ó
lower-case "o" with acute accent
upper-case "O" with acute accent
ò
Ò
ò
Ò
ò
Ò
lower-case "o" with grave accent
upper-case "O" with grave accent
ô
Ô
ô
Ô
ô
Ô
lower-case "o" with circumflex
upper-case "O" with circumflex
ø
Ø
ø
Ø
ø
Ø
lower-case "o" with slash
upper-case "O" with slash
õ
Õ
õ
Õ
õ
Õ
lower-case "o" with tilde
upper-case "O" with tilde
ö
Ö
ö
Ö
ö
Ö
lower-case "o" with diaeresis/umlaut
upper-case "O" with diaeresis/umlaut
ßßßess-tsett
ú
Ú
ú
Ú
ú
Ú
lower-case "u" with acute accent
upper-case "U" with acute accent
ù
Ù
ù
Ù
ù
Ù
lower-case "u" with grave accent
upper-case "U" with grave accent
û
Û
û
Û
û
Û
lower-case "u" with circumflex
upper-case "U" with circumflex
ü
Ü
ü
Ü
ü
Ü
lower-case "u" with diaeresis/umlaut
upper-case "U" with diaeresis/umlaut
ÿÿÿlower-case "y" with diaeresis/umlaut
´
`
´
`
acute accent with no letter
grave accent/reversed apostrophe with no letter

Notes:

  1. The " entity was mistakenly omitted from the HTML 3.2 specification. While use of " generates error reports when validating against 3.2, browsers have continued to recognize the entity and its use is generally safe (sticklers may wish to use " instead). The omission has been corrected in the HTML 4.0 specification.

  2. The non-breaking space ( or ) can be used not only to prevent the separation of words by line wraps, but also to force a space equal in size to a keyboard/spacebar space (useful for indentation or wider word separation) or to "hold" space in the empty cell of a table (as in the table above).

  3. The middle dot (· or ·) can be used as a bullet and embedded anywhere in text. Because it is equal in size to a period, however, it may be necessary to apply or tags to enhance its graphic effect (use of or elements is not recommended, as these will alter the character's vertical spacing relative to other characters in the same line).

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